The arab spring uprisings of 2011 triggered a wide set of social movements and regime change across the middle east and north africa. The influence of displeasure explosion against governments in tunisia, libya and egypt, known as arab spring, on the situation in syria was described. Overview there has been much analysis of the causes and rapid spread of the 2011 arab spring or. Egypt has been on the economic rocks ever since the arab spring revolution. On the occasion of international womens day, march 8, 2016, the middle east program and the women in public service project at the wilson center asked a number of women in the middle east and north africa mena region and the united states about what they hope the status of women in the region will be in the next year and what needs to happen for women to get there. Arab spring and success of protest in egypt, tunisia, and other neighboring states. The arab spring refers to a period of protests beginning on december 18, 2010 in tunisia, which quickly spread to numerous other arab nations and resulted in regime change in tunisia, libya, egypt, and yemen, and repression andor violence in syria, bahrain, sudan, and elsewhere. Within a few months, a wave of protest had swept away the despots of tunisia, egypt and libya. Aug 28, 2019 the arab spring was a series of antigovernment protests, uprisings, and armed rebellions that spread across the middle east in early 2011. The causes of the arab spring, or as some call it, arab awakening, were many and longgathering.
Financial pressures top every list of catalysts and causes of the arab spring, espeeially when cormption at the hands of the mling and social elite is added. Tunisia this guide lists online and print sources for what has become known as the arab spring, the popular revolutionary wave in the middle east and north africa that started in december 2010. Luciani and others published on the economic causes of the arab spring and its possible developments find, read and cite all the research you need on researchgate. The event set off uprisings across north africa and the middle east known as the arab spring. The arab spring started because of a great feeling of disenfranchisement, growing inequality, relative deprivation, and most importantly because of corrupt and autocratic regimes that had a heavy policy and security sector to stamp out all dissent and free thought. But many of the underlying causes of the arab spring remain, such as. The reasons and economic and political consequences of. The economic reasons behind the arab spring an ilo. A political solution appears to remain out of reach for libya seven years after muammar gaddafis toppling. Arab spring as a background of civil war in syria in. Russia air strikes and assistance china hezbollah troops and assistance. Pdf arab spring as a background of civil war in syria.
Pdf on jun 1, 2018, mohd irwan syazli saidin and others. Egyptian revolution, also known as arab spring or arab uprising, was a shock for international community because egypt has been seen as one of the strongest military state in north africa region. The real cause of the arab spring enlightened selfhelp. The arab spring and its subsequent impact on a global scale that sparked widespread protests against governments and policies, is a watershed in the evolution of sociopolitical movements.
The reasons of arab spring arab spring was triggered by economic hardships and peoples democratic aspirations stepan and linz, 20. All these factors, to large extent have contributed to the causes of this popular uprisings. Causes of the arab spring the wave of social protests that swept through the arab world during 2011, toppling some longstanding regimes and seriously destabilizing others, was the consequence of decades of oppressive and authoritarian political systems, failed economic policies, and socially alienated and disaffected populations, mainly youths. Five years after the arab spring, most middle eastern countries have either devolved into chaos or restored autocracy in a bid for stability at the expense of regions burgeoning desire for freedom. In egypt, protests and strikes began on january 25, 2011 national police day and lasted for 18. The demands made by protestors were wide ranging, and also evolved as protest movements developed.
Pdf on the economic causes of the arab spring and its. Tunisia celebrates fifth anniversary of the arab spring time. A bumpy road ahead pdf by hassan hakimian, director of the london middle east institute and reader, economics department, soas underscores the underlying importance of the economic conditions facing the new republics, such as egypt and tunisia, which are emerging as a result of the arab spring. The country is grappling with civil war, humanitarian crises and the threat from isil. The causes and the consequences of the arab srping explained in this documentary. The arab spring and climate change is a title that will still strike many readers as a very strange juxtaposition. The name arab spring is a reference to the revolutions of 1848also known as the peoples springwhen political upheavals swept. Like all great social upheavals, the arab spring was long in the making, and born of many intertwined causes. Jun 03, 2014 the constantly evolving situation in the middle east has prompted ongoing interest in, and research on, the various factors leading to the arab spring. Egypt has witnessed the overthrow of two presidents since the start of the arab spring. Jun 15, 2016 the causes and the consequences of the arab srping explained in this documentary.
This spark threatens to set the whole of the middle. For decades, arab populations had faced repression of free speech, human rights abuses, economic mismanagement, corruption and stifling of political dissent. Writing about the arab spring july 01, 2011 education resources. This resulted in a rather stunted and closed atmosphere.
Authoritarianism and democratization in the arab w orld, rex brynen et al. This causes the price to skyrocket and overinflate its true value. Pdf the enigma of the arab spring and its autumn researchgate. Between two competing narratives princeton university scholars michael hoffman and amaney jamal explore the motivations behind some of. Arab spring, egypt, revolution, social media, tunisia. Introduction during the winter of 2010 and the spring of 2011, the world watched as prodemocracy protesters across north africa and the middle east rose up against the dictatorial regimes that had ruled their home countries for years. The 201820 arab protests, also referred to as the new arab spring, arab summer or arab spring 2. Mar 07, 2018 egypt has been on the economic rocks ever since the arab spring revolution.
The endgame is a series of films exploring the fall of the gaddafi regime from the perspective of those who helped to bring it down al jazeera tv the long road to tripoli. Nevertheless, in the last decade almost all of the mena economies. Powersharing and civic political action in lebanon in democratic transition in the middle east. Mar 29, 2019 the tumult of the arab spring also showed autocratic governmentsand the rest of the worldthat millions of people living in islamic nations believe in free expression and democratic governance. Also in the case of the arab spring, scholars and analysts have attributed a primary role to these economic causes lagi et al. A young man sets fire to himself on the streets of tunisia. Feb 17, 2018 a political solution appears to remain out of reach for libya seven years after muammar gaddafis toppling. The report was prepared under the guidance of shantayanan devarajan, chief economist, middle east and north africa region of the world bank. Alnusrah front is an alqaeda aligned extremist group. We al jazeera tv follow a group of libyan exiles as they sacrifice everything to return home for the final assault on tripoli. This research paper examines thoroughly and critically all the causes and facilitators of the arab spring from twitter and facebook to the relative deprivation of the numerous youth in the arab world. George orwell in his animal farm through allusions had prophesised this very predicament across nations where the poor, overworked and repressed.
The hope and reality of the uprisings is a critically essential, informed and informative volume for students, scholars, and nonspecialist general readers seeking the fullest understanding of how the arab uprisings continue to impact the region and the world in general, and united states foreign policies in particular. The tumult of the arab spring also showed autocratic governmentsand the rest of the worldthat millions of people living in islamic nations believe in free expression and democratic governance. A reading list five years ago the middle east and north africa was electrified by unprecedented popular protests that heralded the start of the arab spring. Unrest and uncertainty the big picture, the boston globes photoblog. Justice and human dignity were not priorities in most states. Libyathe death of dictator first protests in libya started on january 2011 but mass uprisings began in the city of benghazi on 15 february 2011.
Economic protests also took place in the gaza strip. Dec 17, 2011 a year ago, a tunisian fruitseller set himself on fire after being humiliated by a police officer. Low supply and perceived future high demand causes other investors to jump on the bandwagon. The instability that followed the protests that brought down the president of 30 years, hosni mubarak, frightened away. Arab spring, wave of prodemocracy protests and uprisings that took place in the middle east and north africa beginning in 2010, challenging some of the regions entrenched authoritarian regimes. Demonstrators expressing political and economic grievances faced violent crackdowns by their countries security forces. Causes of the arab spring causes of the arab spring may be described as following. While interconnected, uprisings in each nation took different forms and reached.
Development of conflict in arab spring libya and syria. The economist offers authoritative insight and opinion on international news, politics, business, finance, science, technology and the connections between them. German institute for international and security affairs, march 2014 and citizens of the void. Arab spring and success of protest in egypt, tunisia, and other neighboring states initial government crackdown against protestors back. Dec 01, 2015 any discussion of islamist radicalization lends itself to analytical confusion, particularly if were looking for an elegant model of why people turn to political violence and terrorism. Arab spring research guide and notes sheet targets.
Womens rights, and the arab spring fact sheet on egypt, tunisia, morocco and jordan egypt. But as the contents of this volume make clear, it describes the interplay of factors that will demand an increasing amount of our attention going forward. Arab spring used their powers vehemently to crush the demonstrators and consequently the peaceful protesters also became violent. The arab spring was a series of antigovernment protests, uprisings, and armed rebellions that spread across the middle east in early 2011. Womens rights and the arab spring middle eastnorth. Beginning in tunisia popular movements swept regimes from power in tunisia, egypt, and libya and threatened to overthrow ruling elites across the region. It began in response to oppressive regimes and a low standard of living, starting with protests in tunisia noueihed, 2011. Arab spring economist world news, politics, economics.
The series of revolutions that marked the arab world toppled dictators and transformed the map of the region, inspiring hope for permanent change in the middle east. What are the main points of consensus in the analysis of the arab spring about the factors that led to it and what tipped the balance into widespread protestunrest. For decades, women in egypt as elsewhere in the region have been intimately involved with the reform movement from organizing labor union strikes and asserting their right to free speech. Inequality, uprisings, and conflict in the arab world. Pdf analysis and background of the arab spring in libya. The causes and effects of the arab springs by 12ael no single cause was behind the arab spring. Triggers, dynamics and prospects stephan rosiny on 17 december 2010, the selfimmolation of tunisian vegetable vendor mohammed bouazizi sparked the arab spring. This product includes 56 compelling slides including maps, charts, editorial cartoons, and links to short videos. However, the recent arab uprisings, better known as. Introduction during the winter of 2010 and the spring of 2011, the world watched as prodemocracy protesters across north africa and the middle east rose up. The economics of the arab spring and its aftermath 5. Political and economic development in most arab states simply could not keep up with the staggering increase in the population, as the ruling.
But their purpose, relative success, and outcome remain hotly disputed in arab countries, among foreign observers, and between world powers looking to cash in on the changing map of the middle east. In egypt, protests and strikes began on january 25, 2011. Instead of writing about these events from the perspective of those who create and implement policy, it is written by arab citizens themselves who up until these revolutions could not. The arab spring began in tunisia in december 2010, therefore learning about tunisia is an appropriate place to start digesting this topic.
The attention on escalation of tensions between bashar alassads government and opposition as a source of civil war in syria was paid. Unlike 911, the arab spring is attributable to deep and widespread sociological causes e. This paper attempts to examine the causes of the arab uprisings in middle eastern. Perhaps these are the reasons to why the arab spring is chiefly an arab. Eighteen days of mass protests forced hosni mubarak to resign in february 2011, after three decades in power. The global crisis has, probably, exacerbated the populations discontent. I can compare and contrast the causes and effects of the arab spring in other middle eastern nations. Sectarianism and power maintenance in the arab spring. Analysis and background of the arab spring in libya article pdf available in european researcher 3912. Numerous factions including free syrian army, southern front forces, army of islam, and kurdish forces. The gaddafi archives libya before the arab spring view gallery an exhibition of photographs, documents and artefacts from the human rights watch archive paints a portrait of libya in the four decades prior to the arab spring. The common slogan of the protesters throughout arab spring was the people want to bring down the regime aissa, 2012. Pdf the middle east and north africa mena have long been laden with.
Arab regimes had been sitting on a demographic time bomb for decades. Voices of the arab spring is a unique account of the arab revolutions. The arab spring in egypt religious literacy project. Many experts compare the arab spring to the popular revolutions that shook. Part ii focuses on the relationships between inequality, uprisings, and conflict in the arab world. I can describe the causes and effects of the arab spring in my assigned country. The name arab spring is a reference to the revolutions of 1848also known as the peoples springwhen political upheavals swept europe.
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